"Decentralization may lead to inefficient governance and even breed new inequalities - token centralization"

Layer 2 technologies and cross-chain interoperability protocols (such as Cosmos) will drive performance improvements and reduce usage costs. In the long term, more user-friendly interfaces and clearer regulatory frameworks are needed to attract mainstream users. More importantly, the philosophy of blockchain—decentralization, user empowerment—must be translated into tangible use cases, rather than remaining at the level of hype. For example, blockchain-based supply chain management can improve transparency and combat counterfeit goods; it can reshape organizational governance and make community decision-making more democratic. However, blockchain is not a panacea. Decentralization may lead to inefficient governance and even breed new inequalities (such as token centralization). In addition, giants will not easily give up market dominance; they may maintain their advantage by acquiring or imitating blockchain technology. The success of blockchain depends on the dual maturity of technology and the market. In the short term.